·Babur was the first Mughal emperor who founded the Mughal Empire. ·His Complete name was Zaheer-ud din Mohammad Babur. ·He attained his first power position in 1495 at the Age of 12 · He became ruler of a small state. He came from Turkistan and first he invaded Afghanistan and established himself for further invasions towards India. ·He was descended from Timur on his father's side and from Chagatai the second son of the Mongol ruler Genghis khan, on his mother's side. ·He established the Mughal Empire in 1526 by defeating Ibrahim Lodhi with the use of fire arm technology, which was new to the Indian rulers. ·This empire was in fact of Persian and Turk origin with the background of Far East culture. ·His hobbies were writing, Literature, music, swimming, and gardening .He was moderately simple, more religious and was not much fond of women. ·The enemies of Babur included Afghans of eastern India, Hindu Rajput, and Ibrahim Lodhi. ·As the first Mughal emperor he was determined to conquer the regions including central and northern India, Afghan territory, Samarkand, Kabul, etc.
Humayun (1530-1556)
·Took over after the death of Babur ·His eldest son could not get good hold on the empire and lost it when Sher Shah Suri defeated him and put him into the exile till 1555, when he attacked again and got his empire back by defeating Lodhis.
Akbar (1556-1605)
·Was only 12 years old when his father Humayun died. ·His policies are still admired by all Indians. ·He ruled for almost fifty years, and established the strong Mughal Empire by introducing strong economic reforms. ·He also established strong relationship with Europeans regarding trade. · He also built many buildings including Delhi fort and Lahore fort ·Overall the whole period was as peaceful ·The monuments built by the first emperor included Kabuli masjid, Babri masjid, Pani pat mosque, Gardens and madrassas.
Jahangir (1605-1627)
·Also known as Saleem who was born on 30th August, 1569. ·His mother was a Rajput princess of Amber – 1562 ·Daniel and Murad were the sons who died from excessive drinking ·He knew Persian, turkish, arabian and Hindi ·In 1585, he got married to the daughter of Raja Baghwan Das whose name was Man Bai ·Saleem revolted against Akbar in 1599 ·After his assesion to the thron Jahangir tried to win the hearts of the people by taking the following measures. He issued an ordinace to be implemented. 1.Regulations about highway robbery and theft 2.Free inheritance of property of deceased people 3.Prohibition of sale of wine and other intoxications 4.Ban on physical punishments 5.Builiding of hospitals with appointed doctors 6.No tortoueros treatments to prisoners ·Prince Kusrau (eldest son of Jahangir) started rebel in 1606 and later the prince and his followers were brought to Jahangir. They were punsihed and Khusrau was blinded later died in 1622 in punishment. ·Jahangir’s marriage to Noor Jahan was an imporant event ·Noor Jahan was also known as Mehru Nisa who was the daughter of a Persian noble ·Noor Jahan was a widow before Jahangir and she also had a daughter ·He was a highly educated prince ·He also wrote Tuzke Jahnagir which was his own auto biography ·He died on October 28, 1627 ·He was buried in Shahdrah
Shah Jahan (1627-1658) ·He was also known as Prince Khurram ·His mother was known from the name Jaggat ·He was the favorite of his grand father ·He had marched to Agar ·He also rebelled against his father ·In 1629, he finsihed the rebellion that was raised by Khan Jahan Lodi
Aurangzeb (1661-1666) ·He was the last emperor of India ·He ruled for 50 years ·He has been regarded as the most fanatic ruler to spread Islam ·He also rebelled against Shah Jahan and against his brothers who he killed and blinded his father ·He also imposed Jizya which is a tax payed by the non muslims for their own protection ·Auranzeb’s policy generated feelings of discontect amongst people ·He ruled the largest era of mughal empire